old (people)

Lebar 1972

old man

Niggemeyer 1951-52

old

Niggemeyer 1951-52

very old, of huge trees, animals, etc.; too old, of tubers and fruits allowed to ripen too long; past one’s prime, of spinsters and old bachelors

Collins n.d.

eldest, among one’s parents’ siblings

Collins n.d.

old (of people and things)

Sahidu 1978

older child, older brother or sister

Onvlee 1984

old; grown up, adult; what follows the rule or is the norm; venerable, holy or sacred

Onvlee 1984

old, older

Onvlee 1984

old

Pampus 1999

old

Laidig 1993

parents

Verheijen 1967-70

mother’s brother; wife’s father or mother (#West Manggarai); brother’s son, brother’s daughter (in relation to the father’s sister); sister’s son, sister’s daughter (in relation to the mother’s brother); wife’s brother’s son or daughter (in relation to the father’s sister’s husband); husband’s sister’s son or daughter (in relation to the mother’s brother’s wife)

Verheijen 1967-70

old; age; adult, grown up; finished; dark, of colors; taller; leader; parents-in-law (WF, WM, HF, HM, but in some dialects WF, WM only)

Verheijen 1967-70

mother’s brother

Verheijen 1967-70

parents-in-law; affinal kin

Arndt 1961

daughter-in-law

Arndt 1961

son-in-law

Arndt 1961

old

parent-in-law; old; hard (as kernels of corn, or seeds of Job’s tears)

Verheijen 1977a

husband’s parents

Verheijen 1977a

wife’s parents

Verheijen 1977a

a heavy, thick piece of wood; a thick post

Jonker 1908

a loud voice

Jonker 1908

a deep sound

Jonker 1908

a heavy, serious sickness

Jonker 1908

the spoiling of children (lit. ‘making big’)

Jonker 1908

big, grown up

Jonker 1908

an important work

Jonker 1908

adult, of persons, male as well as female

Jonker 1908

old (of people)

grandfather, grand uncle (#aman = ‘father’)

Morris 1984

a venerable old man (a respectful title); advanced in years, ancient (refers to animals and men only)

Morris 1984

late or slow growth, of children

Morris 1984

old

old

Collins n.d.a.

old, of people

Central

Fey 1986

old, elder

Blust 2003

older people

Blust 2003

husband; important, major, primary; adult, mature; ripe

Feinberg 1977

parents

Feinberg 1977

unripe, of food

Geerts 1970

full grown

Fox, C. 1970

mature, ripe; hard, strong

Lithgow 2007

mother’s brother

mature, ripe, fit for gathering or digging; of people who are getting on in years it is more usual to say #qase; as adverb, strongly, vigorously

Capell 1968

a word used by children to their grandfathers

Capell 1968

old

be old (singular); age; an old person (from about 40); king (in cards); ripe, mature; an elder person of importance

parents

to grow into maturity; to mature; to act the part of a parent; to foster, adopt, as a child; to call or treat as a parent; to address as parent, aunt, or uncle, one related by affection rather than by blood or adoption; to become established or permanent

Pukui and Elbert 1971

parent, any relative of the parents’ generation, as uncle, aunt, cousin; Catholic father; main stalk of a plant; adult; full-grown, mature, older, senior; fig., benefactor, provider, anyone who cares for one; the Lord

Pukui and Elbert 1971

parents, etc. (plural of #makua)

Pukui and Elbert 1971

old, mature, ripe (of breadfruit)

Lieber and Dikepa 1974

ripe

Senft 1986

full-grown

full grown; ripe, of #ngali 〈Canarium〉 nut

Fox, C. 1974

full grown

Fox, C. 1974

parent, and more especially father; division of an army, company; placenta; adult, grown up; main, chief, important

Williams 1971

parents; first; important, large, abundant; main body of an army

Williams 1971

rest, pause, after an effort; keep steady, control

Williams 1971

uncle

older same sex sibling

Chowning n.d. b

full-grown, ripe

Codrington and Palmer 1896

ripe before the time

Codrington and Palmer 1896

a full-grown person

Codrington and Palmer 1896

parents

McEwen 1970

parent; relative of the same generation as one’s parents

McEwen 1970

grandparent

McEwen 1970

old folk, elders

McEwen 1970

old age; an old person

McEwen 1970

the original dense forest, virgin bush

McEwen 1970

mother’s brother

old (persons), mature, full-grown; parent, elder (senior relative)

Carroll and Soulik 1973

mother’s brother (Milke 1958)

mother’s brother

parent, elder; an expert, one who is skilled in any art or science; a master, as the navigator of a ship, etc.

Savage 1980

husband, family head, landholder, worshipper, especially the priest-chief; to be or grow old; to be or become mature, as fruit fully formed but not ripe

Elbert 1975

to act as head of household or a group of travellers

Elbert 1975

full-grown, of adult age; old, as opposed to young; to die (euphemistic); man appointed to act as spokesman for a district chief, to announce the kava, act as master of ceremonies, etc.

Churchward 1940

plural of #mafua

Churchward 1940

ripe, of yams

Ivens 1929

(be) elderly

Milner 1966

(of fruit, etc.), be mature, but not fully ripe; (of people), (be) adult, grown up; (be) older, elder; (be) old; (of bush, forest) be dense, thick; age; parent

Milner 1966

parents

Milner 1966

very, extremely, absolutely, quite, fully, completely; great, considerable

Milner 1966

orphan

Milner 1966

parent

Milner 1966

old

fully developed adult male who has reached years of discretion, not an old man, not a youth; husband

Bell 1977

very old man or woman

Bell 1977

mother’s brother

the relationship between a woman’s brothers and sisters and her children; nephew or niece; mother’s brother

(of persons) old; or mature, fully developed

Churchward 1959

old or elderly person, or elder; male person of any age (even a baby) when one is speaking in a derogatory way; parent, especially father; husband (derogatory for #mali); (of things or animals) old; or mature, fully developed; being old; preposed adjective: original, former, first

Churchward 1959

thumb (lit. ‘parent finger’)

Churchward 1959

ready to eat, ripe (as bananas)

old (of person, animal); mature, of fruit

old (of person, animal); mature, of fruit (plural referent)

strong; ripe; ready

van den Berg 2008

mother’s brother

be mature, fully developed; thus 1. (of fruit, tubers, etc.) be ripe, mature, fit for eating or harvesting, 2. (of people, animals, plants) be full grown, grown up, mature, adult, 3. honest, honorable, upright

Pawley and Sayaba 2003

(of a young child) be precocious in speech, advanced for his or her years

Pawley and Sayaba 2003

let something mature or ripen; to mature something; what matures

Pawley and Sayaba 2003

parent-in-law (WF, WM, HF, HM)

Hudson 1967

old

Hudson 1967

old

van den Berg and Busenitz 2012

mother-in-law (WM, HM)

Barber 1979

father-in-law (WF, HF)

Barber 1979

old, aged; full-grown, adult

Barber 1979

old

Hapip 1977

old (of people)

Smith 2017

old (of people and animals)

Limbang

Blust n.d. (1971)

older people, elders

Limbang

Blust n.d. (1971)

old, of people

Bisaya

Blust n.d. (1971)

old, of people

Koronadal

Reid 1971

parents-in-law

Said 1977

old

Said 1977

parents

Said 1977

noble, magnanimous, lofty, highborn, person possessing high qualities; archaic form referring to higher class in pre-Spanish Chamorro society

Topping, Ogo, and Dungca 1975

old

MeB, FeB, MeZH, FeZH

old

an old man

Richards 1981

parent-in-law

Richards 1981

old, mature; leader, head, chief, senior

Richards 1981

old

old

Lafont 1968

characteristics of old age and of adulthood

Forman 1971

old, of people (Bergaño)

Forman 1971

old age (Bergaño)

Forman 1971

father’s older brother

Neumann 1951

old age

Neumann 1951

decrepit from old age; become old (?)

Neumann 1951

old; hard; ripe, of rice in the field; already deceased (said of children); mother-in-law (woman speaking?)

Neumann 1951

the elders of a village

Neumann 1951

age; old age; true, genuine, original

Neumann 1951

adults, married people; elders

Neumann 1951

parents; elders

Galvin 1967

parents

Walker 1975,1976

old

Walker 1975,1976

old

Hudson 1967

village head in Buginese and Makasarese lands

Cense 1979

my grandfather or grandmother

Cense 1979

grandfather, grandmother

Cense 1979

the eldest son, a title of respect

Richardson 1885

the eldest son or daughter; it is used in the provinces to express the ripeness of fruit, etc.

Richardson 1885

elder; headman

Wilkinson 1959

parent-in-law

Wilkinson 1959

age; matured; old; senior; deep (of coloring); free from alloy (of metals). In terms of relationship like #pa’ tua it signifies that the person so described has a father’s position (i.e. he is an uncle), and more so in point of age: in other words, he is a father’s elder brother

Wilkinson 1959

parent-in-law

King 1976

old

Muthalib 1977

parent-in-law (WF, WM, HF, HM)

Blust n.d. (1971)

stage in the ripening of fruits just before full ripeness

parent-in-law (WF, WM, HF, HM)

aunt, uncle (MB, MZ, FB, FZ)

ripe, of fruits

ripe, of fruit

Morris 1900

parent-in-law (WF, WM, HF, HM)

Larish 1999

ripe (of a coconut)

Larish 1999

old

old

hard; old, ripe (of fruit); invulnerable (of the skin), immune

van den Berg 1996

overripe

Hardeland 1859

parent-in-law (man speaking), wife’s father, wife’s mother

Sundermann 1905

old, elder, eldest, senior; “old at”, consummate, accomplished, experienced

Zoetmulder 1982

old, elder, senior

Zoetmulder 1982

old age, relatively older age, being the elder

Zoetmulder 1982

eldest

Zoetmulder 1982

to make old, put at the head of, consider as the elder

Zoetmulder 1982

veteran, experienced, leader

Zoetmulder 1982

old age

Zoetmulder 1982

constant, unremitting, sedulous (in doing or practicing)

Zoetmulder 1982

ancestor, elder

Zoetmulder 1982

to be the leader (in command) of

Zoetmulder 1982

old

its ripeness, its maturity

McManus and Josephs 1977

state of ripeness or maturity (of a fruit)

McManus and Josephs 1977

strong, durable (of wood, metal); half-ripe (i.e., ready to pick)

McManus and Josephs 1977

firstborn, eldest child

Tharp and Ƀuôn-yă 1980

to make mature, to ripen

Tharp and Ƀuôn-yă 1980

mature; ripe; old; master, owner, chief, official

Tharp and Ƀuôn-yă 1980

old, of people

parent-in-law (WF, WM, HF, HM)

Reid 1971

old, of people

Botolan

Madulid 2000

parent-in-law

Goris 1938

to be of the same age (as one another)

Kähler 1961

old, grown up, mature

Kähler 1961

old, grown up

Kähler 1961

the elders

Kähler 1961

MyB, MyZ, FyB, FyZ

Reijffert 1956

parent-in-law (WF, WM, HF, HM)

Reijffert 1956

the eldest

Coolsma 1930

old

Coolsma 1930

an old house; an old lineage house erected for the ancestors that remains a common possession of their descendants

van der Veen 1940

old

van der Veen 1940

old as the sugar palm, which has a hard core; very old

van der Veen 1940

old as the sugar palm, which has a hard core; very old

van der Veen 1940

old

van der Veen 1940

father’s older brother

Warneck 1977

always; very

Warneck 1977

make a pot ‘old’ (or hard) by putting bran in it and then firing it in high heat

Warneck 1977

(be) old; sometimes used euphemistically for ‘dead’; always; very

Warneck 1977

old; elders

Warneck 1977

feed one’s father in his old age shortly before he dies

Warneck 1977

parents-in-law and their siblings (WF, WM, HF, HM)

Warneck 1977

eldest; chief (leader)

Warneck 1977

old

old

Esser 1964

old woman or man; elders

Esser 1964

hardness, ripeness

Anceaux 1987

hard, ripe, dark (of color)

Anceaux 1987

old

Wallace 1869, Dick Teljeur, p.c.

old

Kamholz 2011