sugar apple and tree: Annona squamosa; refers to a small fruit less than the size of a man’s fist which is divided into minute sections and looks something like a small light green grenade; the fruit is full of seeds but the milky white flesh is very sweet

female; girl, lady, woman (refers to the female sex of any animate being)

suitable, appropriate; attuned, in tune

thing; matter

leftover food, leftover

refers to feed for domesticated animals

stench, stink; reek

feeding trough

famous, well-known, popular

famous

young, youthful

child, offspring

stone, rock

anchor, sinker

stony place

payment

pay to someone

pestle; refers to the item used for pounding/grinding something in a mortar, usually herbs, garlic or grain

leaf, foliage

path, trail, street, road, way

beautiful red-flowering deciduous tree that loses all its leaves, then bursts forth in deep red flowers: the Indian coral tree, Erythrina indica

a young female, unmarried girl, young lady, maiden; refers to a young girl of marriageable age

ladylike

chief, ruler (from Cebuano)

millet (glutinous millet is used to make a dessert)

to tongue something, as a harmonica in order to blow single notes; teach by use of the tongue

tongue

be licked up

blood

be blood-stained

two

be two; become two

a pair; suitable for two

burned rice on the bottom of a pot

touch with the hand, reach with a pole, touch with an instrument

pullet, young hen

be remembered, be reminded

fathom, two arms length

be measured by outstretched arms

cradle, hammock

decayed, rotted; fragile

pull out, extract, uproot

night, evening

root

hundred

hundreds

grinder

scissors, shears

to cut with scissors

old, aged

rib

cut; refers to the piece cut from something else, usually with reference to butchering

as a cough that is deep inside; deaf

near, close, in close proximity

deep (this has both a literal and a figurative meaning); deep part

screw tightly

interior; beneath (the skin, etc.); deep inside

extend the arms

to swing in a hammock

second

fifth (ordinal numeral)

seventh

third

you sg. This form functions as a pre-predicate personal substitute for a subject AN class noun phrase. A different form occurs following predicates

downstream area, seaward place; towards town place

to urge, incite

be opened (as the mouth)

to clap, applaud; be beaten, be thrashed

use something for bait; to sacrifice (oneself)

to paste or stick, as a picture on the wall

upstream, hinerland, inlands, back country

to hang on a hook or any protruding thing

be inserted

to plant, sow, place in the ground, transplant

to teach, point out

2sg topic pronoun; this pronoun occurs only as a clitic to verbs and particles

place of many stones

twice

to bite, sting, pinch (also refers to the pinch of a crab)

germ, microbe, bug, bacteria, virus

depth

nearness, closeness, proximity

wood, timber, tree, log

woodlands, forest, grove, thicket

an acquaintance

group of men

brown sugar; this is made from sugarcane juice

gully, canal, ditch

group of older siblings

granary, barn, animal stable

tomato, tomato plant

to mix in tomatoes

painful

portion, part of a whole, one half, other half

spouse, life partner (lit. ‘other half of the heart’)

tired

heart (physical organ)

hold onto something firmly

become tired, become worn out, become wearied, become exhausted, become fatigued

pain

sins, transgressions, sinfulness

outrigger

outrigger material (refers to something from which to make an outrigger, as bamboo)

skin infection, itch, ringworm

instructions, testaments

be infected with scabies, mange or ringworm

sleep, slumber, nap, snooze

bedroom, sleeping room

sleepy, drowsy, lethargic, heavy-eyed, tired

to eat with (someone)

dining room

become acquainted with, get to know; be treated, be regarded, be considered

lightning

to be tilted, be partially tipped over

I, by me; 1sg genitive pronoun which substitutes for the san class noun phrase; my, of mine

octopus; leader

fingernail; toenail; claw; hoof

clay pot (refers especially to the kind used for cooking)

head lice, cootie, pediculosis

#lakatan banana, Musa sapientum var. lacatan

male, man (refers to animate beings)

a fly

swarming with flies

sky, heaven, firmament, atmosphere

swimming pool

spider

cobweb, spiderweb

sail

the act of denying or telling a lie

back, rear

rear area, back yard

winding, curving, twisting, zigzag

curve, bend, turn (as in a road)

five

suitable for five

be bailed out

earthquake, quake, tremor

neck

deception, evasion of truth

be forced, be obliged (usually implies the use of physical force)

lion

tears

teary

dissipate something by tears

shank, shin, calf of leg

seaweed, moss

cooked rice

outside

to exit through

to meet

unpleasant smelling

to stone, throw stones

be benighted, be overtaken by night

to meet together, accomplish together, do together

to feed animals

to grow leaves

become a marriageable female; refers to females who become of marriageable age

to bleed

be two; become two

to doubt, hesitate

to stick, adhere; this meaning is derived from the fact that cooked rice is sticky and is sometimes used to seal envelopes or informal letters

smoulder

remember well, think deeply

to swing in a hammock

to mill or grind

to thresh

to pull, drag, tow; refers to pulling something along by a tether

sniffle, inhale through the nose, smell, snuffle; refers especially to play as in teasing a baby

to pull, haul, tow

make a canal, make a drainage ditch

control, take charge

be sick, be in pain

to eat

to flash, of lightning

pick the bones clean, as in eating fried chicken

to swim, bathe

to trespass, transgresss, go beyong a boundary

to sail, set sail

to turn and go

become five (as when a fifth person joins four already living in a house)

bail water, remove water

to quake, tremble, shake, shudder (this meaning is limited to earthquakes)

to shed tears

to cook rice, cook food

to exit, step out, get out

to spit, spew out, expectorate

become delicious, make delicious

become thin (as overused cloth)

become thin

to open the mouth

teething, cutting teeth

live luxuriously

to introduce, make someone known

fish with a net

to wave

choose, select, pick out, decide on

to become seven

to wipe

to cut off, excise, cut down, cut back

to chew a cud (refers to animals which regurgitate their food to chew it more thoroughly)

to dam a stream

to rub against, brush against (as a water buffalo rubbing against a post)

to be difficult

to lay flooring

to pop corn, roast rice

to branch out, sprout branches

separate hands of bananas from stalk (this means to do it byh removing a whole hand at a time)

become surfeited, become satiated, lose interest

boastful; show off, become pretentious, become flamboyant, act in a grandiose way

to give off this kind of light

to rise, of sun or moon

to insert something into or between, as inserting a pencil into the pocket, or a letter into a drawer

to vow, swear

to plug, stop, cork, block, plug up, bung

to chop

to hide, conceal, evade

to boil food

to plant, sow, place in the ground, transplant

to bargain, haggle, request a discount

to call, summon, hail

to taste

to permit, allow, condone

to melt, dissolve

to drip, leak, trickle, dribble

oldest

to waddle, walk with swaying stide, shamble

able to root, able to take root

wooded, timbered

able to hang onto something

can choose, can select, can pick out, can decide on

sin, make a mistake, transgress, disobey, violate

itchy

sleep, fall asleep

very edible

get along with people, have good interpersonal relations, be congenial

be recognized, be identified

prone to denying or telling a lie

be hidden, be shielded

betel nut chew (refers to a chew consisting of betel nut, #buyo leaves, lime and tobacco)

have promiscuous sexual relations with women, womanize

what is the price?

delicious, tasty, appetizing

thin, flimsy, sheer (as cloth)

thin, as a pig

chicken (refers to hens and roosters, but not chicks)

poultry house

to collect wood

to eat (refers to eating a variety of things)

painfully sensitive

to happen

viscous, sticky (as soup, soil)

choosy (as in food one eats)

be bathed, be swabbed

sick, painful, hurt (of body or feelings)

difficult; suffering; painful

eye; refers only to the eye of an animate being

to instruct, command

be melted, be dissolved

particle: already, now (#Adi na sinda ‘They are here already’)

mosquito

be mosquito-swarmed, be swarmed by mosquitos

pus

pus-stained

yard, courtyard, patio

introduces the personal genitive noun phrase; also introduces the out-of-focus agent of a verbal action

winnowing tray

thin (refers only to the thinness of an animate being)

name

be named

painfully sensitive. This usually results from eating something sour or tart, or from a shrill sound

tooth

particle: yet, still; in addition, as well, also, too

causative prefix

reminder

to cause to take root

food

walking

to wake up, awaken, rouse, get up

awaking

clapping, applause

choice, selection, option

chopping

feast

wing

be awakened, be roused

adhestive, glue, paste, something used as glue or paste

invitation

be thinned (as lumber that is trimmed down for some purpose)

tiredness, weariness, fatigue

bait, lure, enticement; something used to entice the victim in fishing or trapping

lice catcher … refers to someone who regularly catches and kills lice in someone else’s hair

swimmer

octopus catcher

displeasure

cause to drip

hand fan

to wave

thigh, upper leg

divide something, split

glutinous, viscous, gelatinous; gooey, gluey, gummy

be selected, be chosen, be picked up, be elected

how much is each? how few? how scarce?

how much?, how many?

seven

squeeze

squeeze out, wring out

fishing net

be wiped off, be rubbed, be swabbed

tree trunk; head, chief, leader

umbilical cord, navel

heart; banana plant heart (refers to the interior of the banana plant which is eaten as a vegetable)

brave, daring, courageous, fearless

abdomen

white, colorless

rice cake

to hook something

a hook; anything used for hanging things (hook, nail or anything protruding which can serve the purpose)

a dam (said to be from #Bikol)

dam of a reservoir

sickly

error, mistake, transgression, sin, fault, crime

river, watercourse

floor

resin

lumber for flooring

cheerful, bright outlook

grain to be roasted

branch, bough, limb, twig, stem

hand of bananas

snake, reptile; traitor

become surfeited, become satiated, lose interest

personal subject NP marker

cowrie shell

ostentatious, pretentious (< Tagalog)

elbow

be elbowed, be hit with an elbow, be nudged with an elbow

bright, shiny, brilliant, reflecting light

fried rice, popped corn

a turnip-like vegetable: Pachyrrhizus erosus (from Spanish)

small black ants

swarmed by black ants (as sugar)

torch

urging, incitement

promise, pledge of love

be cursed

toy blowgun

temper tantrum

temperamental, bad mood

work bolo, bush knife, machete, a short square-ended bolo for work

female breast

chopping board

be chopped, be sliced, be slashed, be cut

something to be chopped

inner being

drizzle

secluded, of a place

how much is each?

hideout, hiding place

keep safe, take care of

feces, excrement

piled, packed tightly, chock full

dumping place, junk yard

to pile something

a plant

rice seedling

to plant in a place

to boil food (as jackfruit seeds)

Spanish mackerel fish

hideouts

salted fish (fish which has been preserved with salt)

discount

be called, be summoned, be hailed

two by two, by twos

north

a plant

intestines

sugarcane

hard feces

constipated

finger, toe

instruction, message, command

be instructed; advise, send a message

be permitted, be allowed, be condoned

knee

a bridge

earwax

three

suitable for three (refers to something which is adequate for three portions, usually used in terms of food)

sleeping, asleep

be dripped on

clam

clam bed (refers to a seabed where clams live)

white coating of the tongue

lascivious, lewd, obscene, licentious, erotic

flirt