grandfather, ancestor; term of address for elders; title for the guardians of traditional law on the west coast; title of animals or things that are regarded as holy or especially feared

Kreemer 1931

ruler, king; rich, wealthy, powerful (through money)

Zorc 1969

great grandparent (PaPaPa)

Hudson 1967

king, chief (an archaic form of #ratu)

Barber 1979

the title of the princes of Luwu’, who until 1906 were the overseers of the Toraja people (from Buginese)

Adriani 1928

(archaic) headman, chief; also referring to the rich and influential members of pre-Hispanic Bikol society

Mintz and Britanico 1985

chieftain, mediator

Post and Gardner 1992

rich, wealthy; title of a chief, now said only to Muslim leaders

Wolff 1972

function among animists (‘#orang kafir’) worshipping idols; shaman

Manik 1977

ancestor in the female line

Muslim ruler

Rubino 2000, Carro 1956

palace, court

Pigeaud 1938

king, queen, monarch

Pigeaud 1938

leader, rarely used except with reference to southern Philippines or to olden days

Forman 1971

title of the head of the #urungs (federations of different villages related through a “mother” village); he is subordinate to the sultan; title of powerful magicians, spirits and deities

Neumann 1951

great grandparent (PaPaPa)

great grandparent (PaPaPa)

Hudson 1967

palace

Safioedin 1977

king

Safioedin 1977

Buginese princely title

Cense 1979

(old and poetic) princely quality

Cense 1979

old word for #karaeng, prince

Cense 1979

head of family, elder; used as a term of relationship to or of a grandfather; as a term of distinction to or of any great non-royal chief; as a term of respect to any man of age and standing

Wilkinson 1959

ancestors generally

Wilkinson 1959

grandfather (very literary, and used only of or to one’s own grandfather)

Wilkinson 1959

ruler, chief … this is the old Malay sovereign title borne by the Srivijaya king of the Kota Kapur inscription (AD 686)

Wilkinson 1959

kindgom (of Srivijaya)

Wilkinson 1959

leader, chief; a #dato-ʔ is usually someone who has wealth

Svelmoe and Svelmoe 1990

prince, the child of a chief

chief; headman; any male member or descendant of a chief’s family

chieftain, leader, boss, lord, master, king, gentleman

McKaughan and Macaraya 1967

chief, ruler (from Cebuano)

title for a native medical practitioner; clever, learned

Wilkinson 1959

title for administrators of customary law; term of address to an elder; grandfather (van der Toorn 1891)

Wilkinson 1959

lord, prince, king; in earlier times people hardly dared to use the word #datu, and generally called the prince #ki tuang ‘the lord’

Dunnebier 1951

be designated a prince

Dunnebier 1951

kingship, royal dignity

Zoetmulder 1982

king (rarely, queen)

Zoetmulder 1982

leader of a tribal group, chief

Benton 1971

term of address for one’s parent-in-law

great grandparent (PaPaPa)

prince, king

Steller and Aebersold 1959

time or place of ascent to kingship

Steller and Aebersold 1959

prince

Goris 1938

head of a kin group and guardian of traditional law

Kähler 1961

prince, king, princess; in south Bantam the highest title for noblewomen

Coolsma 1930

high priest (Laktaw 1914); tribal chief in pre-Christian days (Panganiban 1966)

Panganiban 1966

prince, any male member of a royal family; a rank bestowed on certain people

Hassan, Ashley and Ashley 1994

a traditional leader over a group of people living in a particular geographical area … it was expected that the position would be passed on from father to son

Awed, Underwood and van Wynen 2004

a Moslem nobleman; a male leader among superhuman beings

Schlegel 1971, Reid p.c.

shaman, magician, soothsayer, doctor who makes offerings to the spirits, reads the signs in chicken entrails, selects auspicious days, and whose advice is sought in all matters of daily concern

Warneck 1977

skill in the science of the #datu which could sometimes be found in a #radja’ (political leader; Vergouwen 1964:132)

Warneck 1977

chief, headman

Behrens 2002

village head

Niggemeyer 1951-52

king, village chief

Collins n.d.

the ancient ruler of Asilulu before the descent to the coast, and the spirit which guards over the site of the old village

Collins n.d.

chief

Collins 1983

king

Drabbe 1932

prince

Wijngaarden 1896

oldest, now deified ancestors from whom superior lineages trace their ancestry

Onvlee 1984

leader in religious ritual; priest

Onvlee 1984

king, ruler

Geurtjens 1921

village head, chief

king

lord, king; noble, aristocrat

Arndt 1961

king

king

Stresemann 1918

king

Meye 1964

chieftain, king; to rule

Josselin de Jong 1987

great man, king; guardian of the truth; God

Drabbe 1932b

honorific particle and title of rank before names of males who are chiefs

Capell 1968