ghost, evil spirit

Kreemer 1931

forest spirit

Kreemer 1931

benevolent lesser spirits who go around counteracting the evil done by devils or evil spirits (the pagan version of a "saint")

Zorc 1969

indwelling spirit (beneficent)

name for the spirits that reside in the village temple (#lobo) or in the smithy; a small snake that often stays in the temple ... is the personification of an #anitu

Adriani 1928

ancestral spirits once represented by carved wooden statues

Mintz and Britanico 1985

the spirit of an ancestor; any spirit

Reid 1976, Reid p.c.

act as though possessed by a spirit

Reid 1976, Reid p.c.

kind of plant

Said 1977

type of spirit

Headland and Headland 1974

supernatural beings which do not show themselves, and do good to people

Wolff 1972

devil, satan

Topping, Ogo, and Dungca 1975

ghost, spirit

Manik 1977

arouse sentiments of respect, awe or fear

Manik 1977

spirit, demon, or devil that can enter into men; familiar spirit, esp. of ancestor, in whatever guise it appears; the dead; any denizen of another world, the first being existing at the creation

Richards 1981

head trophy, dried head of an enemy

Richards 1981

the word-base #aníto, conveying the idea of a supernatural being (either a deity or a spirit), is always pluralized by the reduplication of #ni, even in the Ifugaw invocations and prayers

Lambrecht 1978

worship the spirits

Rubino 2000, Carro 1956

spirit, ghost; superstition

Rubino 2000, Carro 1956

spirit, ghost

Vanoverbergh 1972

ghost, spirit

Yamada 1976

plant sp.

Yamada 1976

(bookish) dead; (archaic) (evil) spirit

Pigeaud 1938

supernatural power belonging to familiar spirits, evil spirits, and shamans by virtue of their relationship to spirits

Reid 1971

spirit, either good or evil

Vanoverbergh 1933

spirit (Bergaño 1860)

Forman 1971

make offerings to the spirits

Forman 1971

nature spirit, lord of stream and wood; mountain spirits, in a certain sense the "owners" of their dwelling places

Neumann 1951

spirit, ghost

Southwell 1980

owl

Wilkinson 1959

evil spirit; ghost. Generic for invisible spirits of evil that work in darkness or secrecy. They include: (1) demons of localities, (2) demons tied to special spots or tutelary spirits of freaks of nature, (3) demons behind natural phenomena, such as echoes, will o' the wisps, meteors, (4) invisible elves wandering about the earth, (5) evil spirits associated with definite diseases, (6) vengeful ghosts of the dead, e.g. of the murdered, (7) ghost-birds, harpies or vampires, (8) discarded divinities of older faiths, (9) the tiger-spirit attached to a sorcerer, (10) familiar spirits generally, (11) the magician's head as a familiar spirit, (12) familiar spirits of indefinite local character. Ghosts are credited by Malays with planting wild varieties of fruit; e.g. #pisaŋ hantu would mean "wild banana". The word is therefore common in Malay botanical names.

Wilkinson 1959

spirit

Larish 1999

corpse, carcass

Hardeland 1859

various kinds of evil spirits

Hardeland 1859

very frightening being which causes all kinds of sicknesses. It is a person who after his death becomes a #hantuen

Hardeland 1859

evil powers?

Zoetmulder 1982

to die, dead, extinguished; death

Zoetmulder 1982

to swoon

Zoetmulder 1982

religion, belief

McManus and Josephs 1977

god; deity; spirit; sacred object (about which some prohibition is made); center

McManus and Josephs 1977

ghost, spirit

Tharp and Ƀuôn-yă 1980

spirit, ghost

Goris 1938

evil spirit, demon, ghost

Kähler 1961

a certain evil spirit

Coolsma 1930

kind of owl

Coolsma 1930

idolatry, superstitious custom

Panganiban 1966

spirit, ghost; village spirit

Esser 1964

deceased, corpse; ghost

Devin 1989

ghost

Hughes n.d.

dead person; ghost, shade, spectre

Drabbe 1932

ghost, spirit

Ekris 1864-65

corpse, shade, shadow, spectre; dead person

Geurtjens 1921

spirit, ghost, spectre

Jonker 1932

tree sp.; earth spirit, earth personified and deified; nature spirit; all ancestors, all the deceased

Arndt 1961

spirit of the dead

Stresemann 1918

nature spirit

Verheijen 1977a

ancestral spirits; evil spirit; forest spirit

Jonker 1908

spirit of the dead

Meye 1964

spirit, ghost, spectre

Drabbe 1932b

spirit, ancestral spirit, ghost, forest spirit; spiritual power; any unfamiliar, frightening presence

White 1985

god, spirit, spirit of the dead, ghost

Goodenough and Sugita 1980

spirit of a dead person that has acquired someone as a medium

Goodenough and Sugita 1980

name of a #tibud (ancestral) spirit... Some say that Anut lived in the Laden region, others say Anut lived far away and did not concern himself about man; God, the creator of heaven and earth; the gods and idols of the non-Christian

Mager 1952

a god, spirit, ghost

Sabatier 1971

deify, hold or worship as a god

Sabatier 1971

God

Lincoln 1977

spirit; ghost; monster; ancient deities

Lieber and Dikepa 1974

god, spirit, ghost

Lee 1976

corpse; ghost

spirit; ghost

sickness, calamity; demon

Williams 1971

of ill omen, unlucky; unfortunate, in trouble, misfortune, trouble, disaster, accident; omen, particularly evil omen

Williams 1971

God

Abo, Bender, Capelle and deBrum 1976

spell, enchantment; magic, sorcery, witchcraft

Abo, Bender, Capelle and deBrum 1976

cast a spell on

Abo, Bender, Capelle and deBrum 1976

ghost, spirit of the dead

Bugenhagen and Bugenhagen 2007

demon, ghost

Harrison and Albert 1977

spirit of the dead

Wheeler 1926

spirit of the dead

Wheeler 1926

die from disease, not a violent death

Lister-Turner and Clark 1930

ghost, supernatural being

McEwen 1970

ghost, spirit, god

Carroll and Soulik 1973

treat as a totem, worship, treat as a supernatural being

Carroll and Soulik 1973

ghost, usually considered malicious

Rehg and Sohl 1979

ancestral ghost

Rehg and Sohl 1979

ancient god

Elbert 1972

god, deity, spirit

Savage 1980

worshipped deity, god, esp. the district gods; Lord, Jesus; worship a deity

Elbert 1975

(PN loan) god, object or worship; shark, stingray or other creature regarded as the habitat of a god; God

Churchward 1940

ghost, spirit

Milner 1966

be haunted

Milner 1966

ghost, spirit (Capell 1969)

Capell 1969

ghost, god (Quackenbush 1968)

Capell 1969

spirit, ghost taxon

corpse; bush spirit or ghost

Bell 1977

name of a certain supernatural being

Churchward 1959

family spirit in animal form which helped the family by providing omens and making predictions; ghost; fairy

be haunted

evil spirit; local spirit (of rivers, mountains, big trees, caves)

van den Berg 2008

ghost, spirit, god; chant directed to a god or spirit

Sohn and Tawerilmang 1976

spirit of the dead

Blust n.d. (1975)