kind of hemp, Cannabis sativa; a substance such as marijuana, hashish, etc., made from the leaves and flowers of this plant

Poerwadarminta 1976

about (as in ‘forget about’); concerning; in order to

Poerwadarminta 1976

the suffix #-an is used to form nouns from various types of base ... It is also used to form a small number of adjectives and adverbs ... When added to a root which can function as a noun, the suffix #-an 1. occasionally produces a noun which hardly varies in meaning from the base noun (e.g. #ruaŋ 'room' : #ruaŋ-an 'room'); 2. more usually it produces a noun whose referent has some real or fancied resemblance to the referent of the base noun (e.g. #achir 'end' : #achir-an 'suffix', #anak 'child' : #anak-an 'interest (on an investment)', #rambut 'hair' : #rambut-an 'a fruit, the hairy cherry'; 3. when added to a noun root (usually reduplicated) the suffix #-an forms a noun which refers to a collection of the referents of the simple noun, or of related referents (e.g. #bintaŋ 'star' : #bintaŋ-an 'constellation', #pohon 'tree' : #pohon-pohon-an 'trees, the vegetable kingdom'; 4. when added to a numerative (usually only #satu, or those which can be preceded by #satu in the form #se-), the suffix #-an forms a noun referring to a group consisting of that number (e.g. #satu 'one' : #satu-an 'a unit', #-puluh 'ten' : #puluh-an 'decade, a group of ten'; 5. when added to a verb (all other prefixes and suffixes being lost), the suffix #-an forms a noun which refers to what is involved in the performance of the action referred to by the verb, whether as the product or the instrument (e.g. #makan 'eat' : #makan-an 'food', #me-lukis 'to draws, paint' : #lukis-an 'a drawing, painting', #meŋ-ayun 'to rock, sway' : #ayun-an 'cradle'. Such nouns in #-an contrast with nouns in #ke- -an, #per- -an and #peŋ- -an in that they refer to more concrete or definite things, while the three latter groups refer to more abstract processes. Nonetheless, there is sometimes a congruence in meaning between the noun in #-an and the other nouns, especially those in #per- -an and #peŋ- -an... 6. Such nouns, derived from verbs by the addition of #-an, refer to a collection of items, when the root is reduplicated (e.g. #meŋ-gali 'to dig' : #gali-an 'what is dug up' : #gali-gali-an 'minerals, root crops', #tembak 'to shoot' : #tembak-an 'shot' : #tembak-tembak-an 'shooting'; 7. Just as the suffix #-an, added to a reduplicated noun root, produces a noun referring to a collection of items, the same suffix, added to a few adjective roots, usually reduplicated, produces a noun referring to a collection of items which can be characterized by that adjective (e.g. #enak 'delicious' : #enak-enak-an 'delicacies', #manis 'sweet' : #manis-an 'candy, sweets'; 8. Otherwise, adjectives and the occasional verb root, when reduplicated and followed by #-an, produce adjectives, or adverbs of manner (e.g. #teraŋ 'bright' : #teraŋ-teraŋ-an 'frank', #takut 'afraid' : #takut-takut-an 'bashful', #buta 'blind' : #buta-buta-an 'at random, blindly') (Macdonald and Soenjono 1967:65ff).

Poerwadarminta 1976

offspring; young person or animal; person who originates from or was born in (a given country, area, etc.); person belonging to a certain occupation (family, etc.), as #anak kapal 'crewmember of a ship'; small part of some larger thing, as #anak baju 'undershirt', #anak bukit 'small hill (at foot of mountain)', #anak air 'small tributary stream'

Poerwadarminta 1976

interest on money

Poerwadarminta 1976

many children; a small child

Poerwadarminta 1976

doll

Poerwadarminta 1976

child adopted for one's wife (lit. 'cucumber doll')

Poerwadarminta 1976

people who belong in one's family, (nation, etc.)

Poerwadarminta 1976

illegitimate child

Poerwadarminta 1976

neonate (lit. 'red child')

Poerwadarminta 1976

non-relative

Poerwadarminta 1976

what has been plaited or woven; things that have been plaited

Poerwadarminta 1976

a plait or braid of hair

Poerwadarminta 1976

long, tall (abbreviation of #panjaŋ)

Poerwadarminta 1976

money, etc. given by the groom's family to his future parents-in-law; goods which are taken or sent on request; person who escorts or accompanies

Poerwadarminta 1976

accompany one another, send to one another (as gifts of food)

Poerwadarminta 1976

anything; what(so)ever

Poerwadarminta 1976

instrument used to whet or sharpen

Poerwadarminta 1976

what has been sharpened

Poerwadarminta 1976

vegetables (fruits, etc.) that have been salted

Poerwadarminta 1976

tripe

Poerwadarminta 1976

shallow pond

Poerwadarminta 1976

flat and wide, spacious

Poerwadarminta 1976

what is erected, what is constructed (house, building, bridge)

Poerwadarminta 1976

form, shape, build

Poerwadarminta 1976

to mix

Poerwadarminta 1976

mixture (of foods, vegetables, etc.)

Poerwadarminta 1976

hundreds and hundreds

Poerwadarminta 1976

mixed, mixed with

Poerwadarminta 1976

do, perform something

Poerwadarminta 1976

listened to, followed, obeyed

Poerwadarminta 1976

deliberately walk (play, etc.) in the rain

Poerwadarminta 1976

use a hook

Poerwadarminta 1976

containing wood; search for wood in the forest

Poerwadarminta 1976

five together (as five people living in the same house)

Poerwadarminta 1976

having a hole or depression

Poerwadarminta 1976

to spit

Poerwadarminta 1976

choose very carefully

Poerwadarminta 1976

to keep to oneself

Poerwadarminta 1976

connected with, involved with

Poerwadarminta 1976

involved with, implicated

Poerwadarminta 1976

sparkle and shine

Poerwadarminta 1976

to rub the body, as when bathing

Poerwadarminta 1976

to plant, engage in the work of planting

Poerwadarminta 1976

tomato: Solanum lycopersicum (probably < Dutch tomaat)

Poerwadarminta 1976

for (someone), because of

Poerwadarminta 1976

what is made; result of work; way of making

Poerwadarminta 1976

why? For what reason or purpose?

Poerwadarminta 1976

disperse, scatter (of people who have been gathered in one place)

Poerwadarminta 1976

delicacy made of rice and soft coconut pulp wrapped in a banana leaf

Poerwadarminta 1976

external part (of things, or parts of the body)

Poerwadarminta 1976

just arrived, newly arrived

Poerwadarminta 1976

a sound like that of walking through dry grass, cloth being cut, etc.

Poerwadarminta 1976

two

Poerwadarminta 1976

two by two, two at a time

Poerwadarminta 1976

hesitant, unsure

Poerwadarminta 1976

firmly, tightly, of binding

Poerwadarminta 1976

mute, dumb

Poerwadarminta 1976

sound of knocking

Poerwadarminta 1976

hard-working, industrious; enthusiastic (about activities, etc.)

Poerwadarminta 1976

summon by waving (fingers motioning downward and inward)

Poerwadarminta 1976

the cause or reason that a plan cannot be executed

Poerwadarminta 1976

hold back, impede

Poerwadarminta 1976

watch out! take care!

Poerwadarminta 1976

rain

Poerwadarminta 1976

heavy rain, downpour

Poerwadarminta 1976

sunshower ( = "hot rain")

Poerwadarminta 1976

drizzling rain

Poerwadarminta 1976

weigh, balance; compare

Poerwadarminta 1976

mixed indiscriminately; tangled, disordered; disturbed, not at peace

Poerwadarminta 1976

fishhook

Poerwadarminta 1976

things connected with the sea

Poerwadarminta 1976

small child (usually below seven years of age)

Poerwadarminta 1976

pocket, pouch; womb

Poerwadarminta 1976

sleepiness

Poerwadarminta 1976

woody tree; wood

Poerwadarminta 1976

firewood

Poerwadarminta 1976

marker of the adversative passive; #kə-hujan-an ‘be caught in the rain, be caught in a downpour’ (cf. #hujan ‘rain’); #kə-siaŋ-an ‘to oversleep’ (cf. #siaŋ ‘bright daylight’); #kə-tidur-an ‘to fall asleep inadvertently (as when needing to stay awake)’ (cf. #tidur ‘sleep’); #kə-panas-an ‘be overcome by the heat of the sun’ (cf. #panas ‘hot’)

Poerwadarminta 1976

coincidence

Poerwadarminta 1976

objection

Poerwadarminta 1976

the arrival of something

Poerwadarminta 1976

able to be heard; to be heard

Poerwadarminta 1976

second

Poerwadarminta 1976

be caught in the rain

Poerwadarminta 1976

be stiff, rigid, as with fear (Echols and Shadily)

Poerwadarminta 1976

twinkle, flicker (of a lamp, star, firefly, etc.); to blink (of the eyes)

Poerwadarminta 1976

occurrence of death; suffer because of a death

Poerwadarminta 1976

beg

Poerwadarminta 1976

have a fish bone stuck in the throat

Poerwadarminta 1976

mistake, error; fault, offense

Poerwadarminta 1976

knowledge, what is already known

Poerwadarminta 1976

a state of fear; a feeling of fear; a condition of fear; hesitation; worry; anxiety; be struck by fear

Poerwadarminta 1976

to laugh

Poerwadarminta 1976

calmness; fixedness, certainty in one’s thinking

Poerwadarminta 1976

receive help or assistance

Poerwadarminta 1976

descendants; generation

Poerwadarminta 1976

compact, without spaces inside

Poerwadarminta 1976

to wag the tail, of a dog

Poerwadarminta 1976

long and thin

Poerwadarminta 1976

very wide sea, ocean

Poerwadarminta 1976

long curved tail feather of rooster or bird

Poerwadarminta 1976

hole, depression in the ground

Poerwadarminta 1976

saliva

Poerwadarminta 1976

confection consisting of a fritter filled with meat, bamboo shoots, etc., then rolled and fried, or sometimes boiled

Poerwadarminta 1976

Chinese pastry filled with meat or fish and vegetables (Echols and Shadily 1963)

Poerwadarminta 1976

sharp edge of scissors

Poerwadarminta 1976

deep feelings

Poerwadarminta 1976

letter of the alphabet

Poerwadarminta 1976

holes in the mesh of a net

Poerwadarminta 1976

lookout, scout (‘eye of the path/road’)

Poerwadarminta 1976

point of a fishhook

Poerwadarminta 1976

hardest part of wood, corewood of tree

Poerwadarminta 1976

opening of a wound

Poerwadarminta 1976

die; dead; not having ever lived; various figurative senses, including: break up, of a gathering; quiet or ceased (wind); not moving any longer (machine parts); waterless (wells or springs); numb (skin); extinguished (lamp, fire, etc.); dead-end (path, etc.); fixed or agreed so that it cannot change (price, agreement, etc.); fallen quiet (as marketplace); not used any longer (as a language); set (sun)

Poerwadarminta 1976

die in childbirth

Poerwadarminta 1976

unable to do anything any more

Poerwadarminta 1976

to go “sky high” (of prices)

Poerwadarminta 1976

squirt out

Poerwadarminta 1976

to bandage, wrap up

Poerwadarminta 1976

to spit

Poerwadarminta 1976

to spit at or on

Poerwadarminta 1976

to shade with a parasol

Poerwadarminta 1976

choose something that is desired

Poerwadarminta 1976

give birth to children

Poerwadarminta 1976

divide into two parts

Poerwadarminta 1976

to cause pain to someone (sadness, suffering, etc.)

Poerwadarminta 1976

to boil rice in a pot

Poerwadarminta 1976

sip, suck

Poerwadarminta 1976

to hear

Poerwadarminta 1976

become two times, etc.

Poerwadarminta 1976

add one until it becomes two (as of wives)

Poerwadarminta 1976

become tight or difficult (of breathing, one’s life); become packed or stuffed to overcrowding; to press or force

Poerwadarminta 1976

to drink by sipping, as a bird or an animal; to suck; to nurse, as a baby

Poerwadarminta 1976

remove the bones (as from fish)

Poerwadarminta 1976

to descend

Poerwadarminta 1976

to fish with hook and line

Poerwadarminta 1976

to fish with hook and line

Poerwadarminta 1976

fetch (knock down) fruits, etc.

Poerwadarminta 1976

frighten someone, threaten (by pointing a weapon at them, etc.)

Poerwadarminta 1976

(lit. 'fetch the liver') win someone's affection

Poerwadarminta 1976

pardon, forgive

Poerwadarminta 1976

work as a servant, do menial labor

Poerwadarminta 1976

stream profusely (blood, etc.)

Poerwadarminta 1976

plait (laths, pandanus leaves, etc.), as in making a mat or basket

Poerwadarminta 1976

plait or braid hair

Poerwadarminta 1976

send or accompany a person on his way

Poerwadarminta 1976

do something to

Poerwadarminta 1976

like fire, resembling fire, becoming fire

Poerwadarminta 1976

cram something in so that it is compact or full

Poerwadarminta 1976

push or press against

Poerwadarminta 1976

salt something, put salt on

Poerwadarminta 1976

climb up, ascend

Poerwadarminta 1976

make (pile, stack, put, arrange, place, etc.) nicely so that everything is neatly in place

Poerwadarminta 1976

copulate

Poerwadarminta 1976

to flicker (of lamps, lightning, etc.)

Poerwadarminta 1976

to beg

Poerwadarminta 1976

grip or handle something, as to determine its weight

Poerwadarminta 1976

to block, obstruct, lie athwart

Poerwadarminta 1976

restrain, hinder, block, obstruct

Poerwadarminta 1976

like rain (in great quantities, for example)

Poerwadarminta 1976

bring up old grievances

Poerwadarminta 1976

seek out lice, pick lice from the hair

Poerwadarminta 1976

words intended to tease or ridicule, or just to have fun

Poerwadarminta 1976

process or manner of construction

Poerwadarminta 1976

nominal prefix often forming words that denote agents, or less commonly products of an action

Poerwadarminta 1976

person who fishes with hook and line; equipment for fishing with hook and line

Poerwadarminta 1976

forgiveness, absolution

Poerwadarminta 1976

person who leads or escorts another; means of leading or escorting

Poerwadarminta 1976

two people who stand on the right and left of the bride or groom

Poerwadarminta 1976

manner or action of whetting or sharpening

Poerwadarminta 1976

beggar

Poerwadarminta 1976

to curve, bend (as a road)

Poerwadarminta 1976

the person who skins or peel something

Poerwadarminta 1976

The prefix #per- replaces the prefix #ber- of verbs and adjectives, and so forms a noun indicating the person or instrument performing the action referred to by that verb, or possessing the quality referred to by that adjective (Macdonald and Soenjono 1967:99)

Poerwadarminta 1976

in a few cases #per- replaces #ber- in verbs and combines with the suffix #-an to form nouns referring to the process of the action referred to by the verb; occasionally the noun refers to the place where the action is performed (Soenjono and Macdonald 1967:100)

Poerwadarminta 1976

uterus, womb; mixed descendants of native population and immigrants

Poerwadarminta 1976

posture, shape or condition of the body

Poerwadarminta 1976

what is done, what is carried out

Poerwadarminta 1976

choice

Poerwadarminta 1976

what is chosen, one’s choice

Poerwadarminta 1976

crotch (Echols and Shadily 1963)

Poerwadarminta 1976

hundreds and hundreds

Poerwadarminta 1976

anxious; emotion, tenderness

Poerwadarminta 1976

gulping down

Poerwadarminta 1976

tied together of the feet

Poerwadarminta 1976

a spacious room, as a classroom

Poerwadarminta 1976

menstruation

Poerwadarminta 1976

of one kind; not different; aligned

Poerwadarminta 1976

all of them; equally for both sides

Poerwadarminta 1976

punch, jerk at something

Poerwadarminta 1976

reject, turn back, oppose; protest, have a different view or opinion

Poerwadarminta 1976

plant used to treat #kurap: Cordyline fruticosa

Poerwadarminta 1976

space between earth and sky

Poerwadarminta 1976

across; on the other side

Poerwadarminta 1976

momentary closure of the eyes; a moment

Poerwadarminta 1976

between; intervening (of time, events, space, etc.)

Poerwadarminta 1976

sob uncontrollably

Poerwadarminta 1976

short broken respiration, as in sobbing

Poerwadarminta 1976

kick (forward or to the side)

Poerwadarminta 1976

a game played with a ball woven of rattan, using the foot and head (to keep it aloft)

Poerwadarminta 1976

place where a bird drinks

Poerwadarminta 1976

article used before personal names (usually regarded as somewhat disrespectful); to highlight the person who executes or is affected by an action (#si pengirim ‘the sender’, #si penipu ‘the one who was deceived’, etc.); used with the names of various kinds of vegetation, animals, etc.

Poerwadarminta 1976

shining

Poerwadarminta 1976

follow (the coast, etc.), walk along the edge of something

Poerwadarminta 1976

argue with, repudiate, reject, deny (something said)

Poerwadarminta 1976

to approach one another, to meet

Poerwadarminta 1976

difficult, complicated; hidden, kept secret; unclear

Poerwadarminta 1976

large wasp that usually nests in trees

Poerwadarminta 1976

understand after seeing (witnessing, experiencing, etc.); familiar with; clever, capable; aware; already

Poerwadarminta 1976

easily startled; afraid of things; shy; hesitant

Poerwadarminta 1976

plant with beautiful blossom: Quamaclit pennata

Poerwadarminta 1976

receive and collect together (produce from an area, excess produce, etc.)

Poerwadarminta 1976

stretching upward (of headcloth, sail, etc.), tilting up the tip; to climb; become higher

Poerwadarminta 1976

mumble

Poerwadarminta 1976

prefix marking accidental or uncontrolled action

Poerwadarminta 1976

raised, lifted

Poerwadarminta 1976

impeded (to that it cannot go forward or be carried out)

Poerwadarminta 1976

giggle

Poerwadarminta 1976

fleeting, in an instant

Poerwadarminta 1976

hanging limply; almost broken but still hanging (of hands, tree branches, etc.), hanging limply (as the ears of dogs, a flag); drooping, as a flower in the heat (Echols and Shadily 1963)

Poerwadarminta 1976

very much attached to another person

Poerwadarminta 1976

already planted

Poerwadarminta 1976

to fall asleep unintentionally (#tidur ‘sleep’)

Poerwadarminta 1976

it's nothing, never mind

Poerwadarminta 1976

slap with the palm or the back of the hand

Poerwadarminta 1976

place where a leak occurs

Poerwadarminta 1976

wrapped (as rice in a banana leaf)

Poerwadarminta 1976

descend

Poerwadarminta 1976

from grandparents to grandchildren

Poerwadarminta 1976

retching; physical nausea

Poerwadarminta 1976

profit, gain

Poerwadarminta 1976

scratch; draw a line (Also #Acehnese #uréh 'line, scratch')

Poerwadarminta 1976